shoulders and its achievement is guaranteed only if they possess a well-balanced strength.

How does the majority react to all this? Very seldom with real acceptance. We have already seen how often the successful dissimulant is "left out in the cold" psychologically, even though he may need great sincerity to admit this to himself. Yet the non-dissimulant, who quietly goes his way, not wanting to deny his belonging to the group, and whose work compels admiration, can at best hope for a more or less peevish acknowledgment.

Before trying, in the last section of this paper, to have a look into the future over the mountains of difficulties today, let us summarize the situations as they have been described up to this point: in the minority group, there are a number of socially and psychologically determined attitudes, ranging from the dangerous and basically tragic defiance of weak personalities, who cling desperately to the exclusivism of the group, to quiet, well-balanced self-reliant positions, combining great courage and mental strength. Between these two extremes, lie all other imaginable reaction patterns.

With the majority, about the best we see is an appreciation which applies more to the achievements than to the person, changing at worst to scoffing and indignant contempt.

The picture is not an encouraging one, but has been drawn with as much justice as I have been able to command, with an attempt to stay on the level of sociology and social psychology.

rom time to time individuals emerge from both camps who have the capacity to contact each other, and thereby bridge seemingly unbridgeable chasms. Allow me, therefore, in closing this survey, to point out to you some changes, which are already taking place.

Sociology, inaugurated by Comte at the beginning of the 19th century, as a more or less positive philosophy, became nearly submerged in the sands of abstract rationalistic speculations on "man as a social being”—also by ideologies such as the Marxist and the Roman Catholic. But the sociologist is now becoming gradually aware that numerous facts concerning man have not so far received from him the attention they deserve.

The new viewpoints open vistas for the development of a new sociology, efficient for action, and with widened critical attitudes toward certain scientific problems. Notably the American sociology, being matter-of-fact and realistic, with little interest in Western European philosophical disputes, is generally taking an increasingly critical attitude toward the society which it is studying.

It is hardly surprising that minority problems should attract so much attention. How could it be otherwise, in a country where the Negro question is one of the most burning social problems, in which every member of the national community is involved. Consequently, quite a number of recent American publications are giving attention to the minority problem. Nearly without exception, under the surface of the most able and expert treatises, they reveal, as a kind of emotional